高考英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)

英語中共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，但在高考中經(jīng)常涉及的大約有十種。在做題時(shí)，如何判斷應(yīng)該用什么“時(shí)態(tài)”，教給大家五個(gè)方法！

“for +一段時(shí)間”一般和完成時(shí)連用，但如果是一些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如be, play, work, study, live等，它們的過去時(shí)就可以與“for +一段時(shí)間”連用，表示過去的某種延續(xù)狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于過去完成時(shí)。如：

He played football regularly for many years when he was young.

if 和when引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)；引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，要根據(jù)具體的語境確定需要的時(shí)態(tài)。

如：

—Do you have any problems if you are offered this job?

—Well, I’m thinking about the salary ...

As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when you will come and see him.

When and where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided.

1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。

某些表示位移的動(dòng)詞或短語如：come, go, leave, start, take off, set off等，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)分別表示按時(shí)間表和計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。如：

The next train leaves at 10 o’clock in the morning. There is half an hour to go.

Ladies and gentlemen, the flight is taking off. Please turn off your computers and mobile phones.

2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與副詞always, constantly, continuously等連用，表示說話者的贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭、責(zé)備、遺憾等情緒。如：

John is always working hard. (表示贊揚(yáng))

They are constantly making the same mistake. (表示責(zé)備)

3. was going to do ..., had wanted / hoped / planned / meant / intended to do ... 表示“原打算做……，但實(shí)際上并未做……”。

如：

—Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?

—I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

I had wanted to help you out, but I was badly off at that time.

1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

如：

—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?

—Terry? Never! She hates tents and fresh air!

Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.

2. 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。

如：

—Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya?

—Who wrote it?

I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book — I lent it to you this morning!

So far this year we have seen a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.

3. 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

如：

Judy is going to marry the sailor she met in Rome last year.

—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

—Yes, I did. You know, my brother was playing in the match.

1. It / This / That is / was the first / second ... time (that) ... 從句的時(shí)態(tài)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。

如：

This is the first time that I have visited the Pyramids of Egypt.

That was the second time that Bob had made the same mistake.

2. It is ... since從句：since從句多用一般過去時(shí)，句子與動(dòng)詞詞意一致；若since從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句子與動(dòng)詞詞意相反，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，把is改為was，從句可用過去完成時(shí)。含before的句型是：It +一般將來時(shí)+ before +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；It +一般過去時(shí)+ before +一般過去時(shí)。

如：

It is ten years since they moved to Hong Kong.

It is three years since I have seen him.

It was four months since we had been here.

Don’t worry. It won’t be two years before we meet again.

It was ten years before they met again.

3. 在be doing / about to do ... when ... 句型中，when前根據(jù)句意可用進(jìn)行時(shí)或?qū)�來時(shí)。

如：

They were walking along the street when the bomb exploded nearby.

Lucy was about to tell me the secret when someone called her.